Cakandalar

(Ephedra麻黄属植物)

ARjim

 adette cakandaruq zatliri omumy namda “cakandalar” dep atilidu. Cakandalar, dunyadiki kwpligen rayonlargha tarqalghan bolup, nurghunlighan milletler eng baldur paydilanghan shipaliq giyalardin boludu. Menbelerge qaraghanda, dunyada cakandalarning 60 etrapida zati bayqalghan. Shinjiang Uyghur aptonum rayonimizda cakandalarning 10 etrapida zatining barliqi melum. Mezgur eserde, menbelerge asasen cakandalarning takson teveliki, cakanda zatliri, ularning namliri, tarqilixi qatarliq mezmunlar bayan qilindi.

1. cakandaruqning takson teveliki

Giyamiqyas (kingdom:plantae 植物界)

  Ginetbile (DivisionGnetophyta 买麻藤门)

      Ginetbiqe (ClassGnetopsida 买麻藤纲)

         Cakandamet (Order Ephedrales 麻黄目)

            Cakandaile (Family Ephedraceae 麻黄科)

                Cakandaruq (Genus Ephedra 麻黄属)

2. cakanda zatliri ve ularning namliri

Menbelerge qaraghanda, cakandaruqta 60 etrapida zati bar iken. Twvende, ularning namliri, tarqalghan jayliri kwrsvtildi .

Cakanda qanaty (Ephedra alata Decne). Cakandaning bu zati shimaly afrika bilen ereb ye’rim araligha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda boyliqy (Ephedra altissima Desf.). Cakandaning bu zati shimaly afrika bilen kanary  arallirigha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda amerikany (Ephedra americana Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.). Cakandaning bu zati Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Argentina, Cile qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda antisy (Ephedra antisyphilitica Berland ex C.A.Meyer). Cakandaning bu zati Texas, Oklahoma, yingi Mexico, Nuevo León, Coahuila, Cihuahua qatarliq rayonlargha  tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda bergsizy (Ephedra aphylla Forssk.). Cakandaning bu zati Libya, syprus ve Persia qoltughi qatarliq rayonlargha  tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda qumliqy (Ephedra × arenicola H.C.Cutler). Cakandaning bu zati Arizona, Utah qatarliq rayonlargha  tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda aspery (Ephedra aspera Engelm. ex S.Wats.). Cakandaning bu zati Texas, yingi Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, California, Cihuahua, Durango, Zakatekas, Sinaloa, Sonora, Baja California qatarliq rayonlargha  tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda sargholy (Ephedra aurantiaca Takht. & Pachom.). Cakandaning bu zati kaukas, qazaqstan, Turkmenistan qatarliq rayonlargha  tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda bolky (Ephedra boelckei F.A.Roig). Cakandaning bu zati Argentinagha  tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda bozcavy (Ephedra botschantzevii Pachom.). Cakandaning bu zati qazaqstan, Siberianing Tuva rayoni qatarliq rayonlargha  tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda brany (Ephedra breana Phil.). Cakandaning bu zati Peru, Bolivia, Cile, Argentina qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda bravy (Ephedra brevifoliata Ghahr.). Cakandaning bu zati iran gha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda kaliforny (Ephedra californica S.Wats.). Cakandaning bu zati kalifornia, gherby Arizona, Baja kalifornia qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda cileny (Ephedra chilensis C.Presl). Cakandaning bu zati Cile, Argentina qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda qiliny (Ephedra compacta Rose). Cakandaning bu zati Mexicogha keng tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda kory (Ephedra coryi E.L.Reed). Cakandaning bu zati Texas, New Mexico qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda kulery (Ephedra cutleri Peebles ). Cakandaning bu zati kolorado, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Wyoming qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda dahury (Ephedra dahurica Turcz.). Cakandaning bu zati Siberia, Mongolia qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda dawuny (Ephedra dawuensis Y.Yang). Cakandaning bu zati sicuan wlkisige tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda disacy (Ephedra distachya L.). Cakandaning bu zati avropaning jenuby, Portugaldin qazaqstan ghice bolghan ottura asia qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda ellepy (Ephedra × eleutherolepis V.A.Nikitin). Cakandaning bu zati Tajikistan gha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda eqsety (Ephedra equisetina Bunge). Cakandaning bu zati kaukas, ottura Asia, Siberia, Mongolia, gensu, Hebei, icki Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi, shinjiang qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda faskuly (Ephedra fasciculata A.Nelson). Cakandaning bu zati Arizona, kalifornia, Nevada, Utah qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda fidshinky (Ephedra fedtschenkoae Paulsen). Cakandaning bu zati ottura Asia, Siberia, Mongolia, shinjiang qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

cakanda fomny (Ephedra foeminea Forssk.). Cakandaning bu zati shimaly Afrika, Somali, Balqan, Italye, ottura sherq, kalifornia qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda folty (Ephedra foliata Boiss. ex C.A.Mey.). Cakandaning bu zati shimaly Afrika, Somali, ottura sherq,hindistan qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda fagily (Ephedra fragilis Desf.). Cakandaning bu zati ottura dingiz,, Cana taqim aralliri, Madeira qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda fustily (Ephedra frustillata Miers). Cakandaning bu zati Cile, Argentina qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda funery (Ephedra funerea Coville & Morton). Cakandaning bu zati kalifornia, Arizona, Nevada qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda grady (Ephedra gerardiana Wallich ex C.A.Meyer). Cakandaning bu zati Himalaya, Tibet, Yunnan, Siberia, ottura Asia qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda glaky (Ephedra glauca Regel). Cakandaning bu zati Iran, ottura Asia, Mongolia qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda shorliqy (Ephedra holoptera Riedl). Cakandaning bu zati Iran gha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda ortayery (Ephedra intermedia Schrenk & C.A.Meyer). Cakandaning bu zati jongguo, Siberia, ottura Asia, Himalaya, Iran, Pakistan qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda kardangy (Ephedra kardangensis P.Sharma & P.L.Uniyal). Cakandaning bu zati gherby Himalayagha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda qurky (Ephedra khurikensis P.Sharma & P.L.Uniyal). Cakandaning bu zati gherby Himalayagha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda lastany (Ephedra laristanica Assadi). Cakandaning bu zati iran gha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda lyjangy (Ephedra likiangensis Florin ). Cakandaning bu zati Guizhou, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda lomaty (Ephedra lomatolepis Schrenk). Cakandaning bu zati qazaqstan, Siberianing Tuva rayoni qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda mayori (Ephedra major Host). Cakandaning bu zati ortadingiz, orta sherq, orta Asia; Canary taqim aralliridin Kashmirgice bolghan rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda milry (Ephedra milleri Freitag & Maier-St.). Cakandaning bu zati Oman, Yemen qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda kiciky (Ephedra minuta Florin). Cakandaning bu zati Qinghai, Sichuan qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda birdany (Ephedra monosperma C.A.Meyer). Cakandaning bu zati Siberia, Mongolia, Tibet ve shinjiang qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda gvlliky (Ephedra multiflora Phil. ex Stapf). Cakandaning bu zati Cile, Argentina qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda nevady (Ephedra nevadensis S.Wats.). Cakandaning bu zati Baja kalifornia, kalifornia, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Oregon qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda ocry (Ephedra ochreata Miers). Cakandaning bu zati Argentinagha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda gvlsapy (Ephedra pedunculata Engelm. ex S.Wats.). Cakandaning bu zati Texas, Cihuaua, koahuila, Durango, San Luis Potosí, Nuevo León, Zakatecas qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda tomshahy (Ephedra pachyclada Boiss.). Cakandaning bu zati orta sherq, Sinai ve Yemen, Pakistan qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda okisfely (Ephedra oxyphylla Riedl). Cakandaning bu zati afghanstangha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda pentany (Ephedra pentandra Pachom.). Cakandaning bu zati iran gha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda pzevaly (Ephedra przewalskii Stapf). Cakandaning bu zati orta Asia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Gansu, icki Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Tibet qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda pacomy (Ephedra pseudodistachya Pachom.). Cakandaning bu zati Siberia, Mongolia qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda regely (Ephedra regeliana Florin). Cakandaning bu zati orta Asia, Siberia, Pakistan, Xinjiang qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda ryty (Ephedra rhytidosperma Pachom.). Cakandaning bu zati Gansu, icki Mongolia, Ningxia, Mongolia qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda riteny (Ephedra rituensis Y.Yang, D.Z.Fu & G.H.Zhu). Cakandaning bu zati Qinghai, Xinjiang, Tibet qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda rupesy (Ephedra rupestris Benth.). Cakandaning bu zati Ekuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda sarky (Ephedra sarcocarpa Aitch. & Hemsl.). Cakandaning bu zati Pakiostan, Afghanistan qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda jonggoiy (Ephedra sinica Stapf). Cakandaning bu zati Mongolia, Siberia, Primorye, Manjuria qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda somaly (Ephedra somalensis Freitag & Maier-St.). Cakandaning bu zati Somalia, Eritrea qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda sharmivy (Ephedra strobilacea Bunge). Cakandaning bu zati Iran, orta Asia qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda sunliny (Ephedra sumlingensis P.Sharma & P.L.Uniyal ). Cakandaning bu zati gherby Himalaya qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda tilxony (Ephedra tilhoana Maire). Cakandaning bu zati Chad qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda qisqasy (Ephedra transitoria Riedl ). Cakandaning bu zati Iraq, Syria, Palestin, Saudi Arabia qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda toryany (Ephedra torreyana S.Wats.). Cakandaning bu zati Nevada, Utah, kolorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Cihuahua qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda trany (Ephedra triandra Tul.) Cakandaning bu zati Bolivia, Argentina qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda accimaqy (Ephedra trifurca Torrey ex S.Wats.). Cakandaning bu zati kalifornia, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Chihuahua, Sonora, Baja kalifornia qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda tvedy (Ephedra tweedieana C.A.Mey.). Cakandaning bu zati Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda kwky (Ephedra viridis Coville).  Cakandaning bu zati kalifornia, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, kolorado, Wyoming, South Dakota, Oregon qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Cakanda vednisky (Ephedra vvedenskyi Pachom.). Cakandaning bu zati Iran, kaucasu, Turkmenistan qatarliq rayonlargha tarqalghan iken.

Menbeserler

[1] ARjim, “engel sistemasi(1)”, websit “../”, 2015-yil, 9-etiyaz neshiri.

[2] ARjim, “giyaile namini qoyush ve yazish qaidesi”, websit “../”, 2012-yil, 10-etiyaz neshiri.

[3] ARjim, “giyaruq namini qoyux ve yazish qaidesi”, websit “../”, 2012-yil, 5-jud neshiri.

[4] Wikipedia, “Ephedra”, websit “Wikipedia”, 2015-yil, 4-cille neshiri.